Fibronectin modified expression of Sonic hedgehog in ATRA-mediated neuronal differentiation

In this study, the effect of fibronectin on the neurite outgrowth from embryoid bodies (EBs) in neurodifferentiated embryonal carcinoma P19 cells was examined. The neurite outgrowth on fibronectin was maintained for a longer time in comparison with those on collagen or laminin. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that mRNA level corresponding to sonic hedgehog (Shh) in neurodifferentiated P19 cells was upregulated on fibronectin, whereas collagen or laminin did not affect. Further knockdown of integrin αv subunit in P19 cells demonstrated that expression of Shh was mediated through interaction between fibronectin and integrin. Additionally, exogenous Shh agonist accelerated neurite outgrowth from embryonic stem cell-derived EBs without large change of neuronal phenotype expression. Taken together, fibronectin could maintain neurite outgrowth via increased Shh expression.     

Na?ve-like conversion enhances the difference in innate in vitro differentiation capacity between rabbit ES cells and iPS cells

Quality evaluation of pluripotent stem cells using appropriate animal models needs to be improved for human regenerative medicine. Previously, we demonstrated that although the in vitro neural differentiating capacity of rabbit induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be mitigated by improving their baseline level of pluripotency, i.e., by converting them into the so-called “naïve-like” state, the effect after such conversion of rabbit embryonic stem cells (ESCs) remains to be elucidated. Here we found that naïve-like conversion enhanced the differences in innate in vitro differentiation capacity between ESCs and iPSCs. Naïve-like rabbit ESCs exhibited several features indicating pluripotency, including the capacity for teratoma formation. They differentiated into mature oligodendrocytes much more effectively (3.3–7.2 times) than naïve-like iPSCs. This suggests an inherent variation in differentiation potential in vitro among PSC lines. When naïve-like ESCs were injected into preimplantation rabbit embryos, although they contributed efficiently to forming the inner cell mass of blastocysts, no chimeric pups were obtained. Thus, in vitro neural differentiation following naïve-like conversion is a promising option for determining the quality of PSCs without the need to demonstrate chimeric contribution. These results provide an opportunity to evaluate which pluripotent stem cells or treatments are best suited for therapeutic use.     

生境对无芒雀麦幼穗分化进程及生殖格局的影响

以乌苏1号无芒雀麦为材料,设置2个生长环境（荒漠绿洲区、高海拔地带）,通过观测幼穗分化进程及开花习性,探究生境对无芒雀麦幼穗分化及生殖格局的影响。结果表明,无芒雀麦幼穗分化从分蘖期开始至抽穗期结束,分为初生期、伸长期、结节期、小穗原基分化期、小花原基分化期、雌雄蕊原基分化期、雌雄蕊形成期和完穗期8个时期。幼穗分化是从生长锥顶端第1枝梗原基与小花原基开始分化,相同小枝梗上原基与小花原基均是自下逐渐向上发育;整穗是从顶部向下逐渐开花,下部枝梗开花时间小于上部枝梗;小穗上的小花由下向上逐步开花。与荒漠绿洲区相比,高海拔地带的无芒雀麦幼穗分化时间晚,周期缩短,穗部赤霉素（GA）、脱落酸（ABA）及叶片可溶性蛋白含量相对较高,细胞分裂素（CTK）含量和种子千粒重较低,但高海拔地带单穗成熟种子粒数与单位面积内种子产量高,更适合无芒雀麦种子生产。     

香花槐生物学特性及其芽分化影响因素研究

研究了影响香花槐组织培养芽分化的主要因素,包括:外植体取材时期、消毒处理、基本培养基、细胞分裂素种类与浓度配比、细胞分裂素与生长素配比等。结果表明:M是最佳基本培养基;适合香花槐增殖分化的细胞分类素为浓度0.5mg L-1的6-BA;香花槐增殖培养的最佳组合为6-BA0.5mg L-1+IBA0.05mg L-1+2%蔗糖。     

海南6种切叶花卉植物橡胶林下套种的适应性研究

通过对散尾葵、金心巴西铁、金边富贵竹、莲花竹、龟背竹、朱蕉等6种耐荫型切叶花卉植物在橡胶林下进行套种(扦插)试验,观测这些植物的叶片生长物候期、植株整体感、株高、叶片色泽和病虫害危害程度,分析这6种切叶花卉植物在橡胶林下的生长适应性。结果表明,适应性强弱排序为金心巴西铁朱蕉散尾葵龟背竹莲花竹金边富贵竹,其中金心巴西铁在橡胶林下生长综合表现最好,评价得分最高,为17.22,适合在海南橡胶林下推广种植。     

洛伦茨曲线和基尼系数在林业上的应用

文章采用洛伦茨曲线和基尼系数的统计方法,对绥化市北林区一块样地的林木胸径分布情况进行统计分析,进而确定林木分化状况和分化程度,通过实践验证了洛伦次曲线和基尼系数的统计方法可正确反映林木分化程度,可用以正确指导和确定森林经营方案.     

红富士苹果芽变系DNA甲基化研究

以35份富士苹果(Malus×domestica Borkh.‘Fuji’)芽变材料为试材,利用甲基化敏感扩增多态性(Methylation Sensitive Amplified Polymorphism,MSAP)分析和UPGMA聚类方法,对其基因组甲基化修饰水平、变异模式以及表观遗传变异关系进行研究。结果表明:(1)不同富士系得到不同的MSAP扩增,总DNA甲基化水平27.90%～36.16%,平均32.87%,双链全甲基化为主要甲基化方式;(2)富士芽变材料绝大多数位点保持了原有甲基化模式;(3)绝大多数芽变(68.57%)检测到全部的甲基化变异模式(12种),去甲基化频率极显著高于甲基化频率(P 0.01),且CG去甲基化极显著高于CHG;(4)36份种质遗传相似系数平均值0.89(0.79～0.92),在聚类图上,富士原种分布在芽变系集中区外,新近发生的芽变系更倾向于聚在一起,着色系片红型和条红型芽变呈分散排布状态。总的来看,富士芽变的甲基化变异模式丰富,超甲基化和去甲基化相伴发生,但以去甲基化为主;‘富士’着色芽变与其最原始品种富士,以及芽变之间发生了较大表观遗传变异;片红和条红型芽变聚类未表现明显偏好性。本研究将为进一步开展富士着色系芽变机理研究提供指导,可以CG去甲基化为切入点展开深入研究。     

分子标记技术在工业大麻性别分化研究中的应用进展

工业大麻性别表达影响着工业大麻种子、纤维和药用成分产量,其性别表达除了受到遗传物质控制外,还受到外界环境条件的影响,这种复杂性使得性别研究一直是工业大麻研究的难点和热点。分子标记技术能在DNA水平上鉴定工业大麻性别,开发与工业大麻性别紧密连锁的分子标记可为大麻性别早期鉴定和特定性别分子辅助选择育种提供理论依据。本文就分子标记在工业大麻性别研究中的应用进展进行了总结,并对应用前景进行了展望。